Refers to the portrayal of subjective emotions, inner experiences and spiritual themes, rather than realistic representations of people or nature. This style is characterised by the bold use of colour, distorted forms, free brushwork and generous, highly textured paint applications to evoke feelings or ideas. This movement was prevalent in multiple art forms, including painting, literature, theatre, film, architecture and music. An example of this can be seen in UMAG’s exhibition, Abstract Evolutions: Sixty Years of Paintings by Fong Chung-Ray, where the artist combines the Chinese literati painting tradition with modern expressionist techniques.